Archive for April, 2009

1. harmony — playing in parallel

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

How do you create a harmony line?

Simplest way: sing or play a specific interal aove each of the original notes of themelody.

Most common type of  parallel harmony is played a third above the original notes while staying within the existing key.

–this means the notes you play will be either a minor 3rd or a major 3rd above the original notes.

Tip: to train your ears to hear natural harmony lines, the best approach is simply to listen to — and sing along with — songs that employh close 2-part vocal harmonies. Early Beatles tunes and Simon and Garfunkel…. good.

Why play a 3rd above the melody and not a 4th or a 5th or a 6th or a 2nd or 7th?

There’s nothing stoppign you from harmonizing on these other intervals but the 3rd-based harmony tends to present fewer problems than using other intervals.  The reasons are:

1. close harmony tends to have a more plasing sound than harmony notes spaced farther apart. You don’t want to play a harmony line a 2nd above the melody as that is too close, creating a dissonant sound.  The 3rd is the ideal close harmony interval.

2. you want the main notes in your harmony line to fallwithin the underlying chords.

Chords are composed of 3 notes stacked a 3rd above each other: R, 3, 5

When you play or sing  a harmony part a 3rd above a given melody note, chances are that note will be one of these 3 chord notes. Another interval could fall within the chord but the 3rd is more likely to.  For that matte,r playing a 3rd below the melody line is also likely to fall within the chord struture, and is also acceptable harmony.

3. the next most likely interval to fall within the chord structure is the 5th. Problem with playing 5th-based harmony is that it is reather primitive sounding. Traditional music tells us to avoid parallel 5ths whenever possible. While this is often ignored in popular music, it’s still not the ideal interval to maintain for a 2-part harmonyh.

4.  otherintervals — 6th, 7th, 9th and so on — tend to fall outside the basic 3-note chod, more ofthen than not, and create extended chrods with more complex harmonic strucures. That doesn’t make this type of harmony wrong, ust more musically sophisticated. It’s also harder to hear and for vodalists to sing.

For all these reasons, it’s best to start playing harmony using 3rds and explore more complex intervals only as you become more exp in the art.

Playing in Harmony

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

1.  Create a parallel harmony line

2.  Avoide problems with parallel harmony solo

3. Blend harmony with the original melody

4. Create alternate melodic lines

Here you learn how to create solos by playing or singing in harmony with the original melody.

This technique requires good ear more than the technique of rhythmic variation and melodic embellishments.

You also need some basic understanding of music tehory.

Your ear nees to hear harmony parts, such that you know which notes are contained in various chords.

Thrust of this section: to create a melody line that is parallel to the song’s original melody.

It’s like taking a background vocal line and making that line the lead

It sounds a bit like the original melody but it is different enough to stnd alone as a solo

summary to embellish melody

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

1.  Melodic embellishment lets you base your solo on the original melody while adding ornamentation that builds on that melody

2. Simplest type: pitch bends, trills and turns.

3. Anticipate a main tone in the melody by playing grace notes before the note, or by leading to thenote with appraoch notes

4. 2 notes ina melody can be connected with passing notes.

5. can create entirely new melodies by extracting and repeating short motifs or riffs from the original melody.

7. repeating motifs

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

You add to the melody using existing pieces of the melody — you ahve to take the meldoy apart and put it back together again in a slightly different form.

What to do: identfiy short riffs or motifs within the melodic line.

You can then extract these motifs and repeat them in other sections of the melody — typically in place of longer notes.

Most motifs are notable for their unique rhythm or for their short melodic hook.

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You can also take a motif and alter it, either by adding syncopation or by displacing it on the beat or in the measure.

For eg. we’ll take the previous motif and repeat it every 3 beats, instead of 4 — you still recognize teh riff, but it has a different feel cuz of where it’s placed relative to the first beat of each measure.

You can have lots of fun with this technique.  In fact, it is possible to build a completely new solo by playing around with selected riffs from the original melody.

You can repeat them exactly, move them to a different part of the melody, or play them backwards.

You can even use existing motifs to create now motifs, through the process of theme and variations. It’s a terrific way to build your improvisational skills while still maintaining ties to the oiriginal melody.

6. passing notes

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

Similar to approach notes are passing notes.

Where approach notes lead into a main note, passing notes conntect 2 main notes.

It’s kind of a connect-the-dots type of embellishment

Instead of jumping between intervals, you use passing notes to get from one note to the other more smoothly.

5. approach notes

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

Most grace notes can be defined as very short approach notes.

An approach note is a note that leads to the main note.

It helps you  approach that note musically.

Approach notes can eitehr approach a note from above or below, ty pically the nearest scale step.

Unlike grace notes, true approach notes are played in time, and notated appropriately using quarter, 8th or 16th notes.

In addition to the traditional single approach note, you can also play multiple approach note runs.

The approach note run must be strictly linear, using step-wise motion.

For eg. a lead up to a note with four 16th note approach notes, you start 4 steps below the main note and run up one scale step at a time.

Approach note runs are part useful in building up to a big note in the melody.

Notes of the run anticipate and ina way announce the main note.

Tip: approach notes don’t have to be part of the underlying scale.

If you are playing a jazz tune or a pop tine with particularly sophisticated chord progression), you can use chromatic approach notes that move in pure half steps toward the main note.

4. Grace notes

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

A grace note is subsiddary note you play just before a main note.

Typically a grace note is one scale tone above or below the main note.

If the main note is a C, for example, you could lpay either a B or a D as the grace notes.  There is no hard and fast rule; grace notes can be any note within the underlying scale.

You add a grace note to lead into and emphasize a key tone in the melody.

The grace note is typically played right up against the main note, not precisely in rhythm, which is why it isn’t notated as a normal sixteenth note.

It’s almost like a little flip just before the main note.

A grace note can be a singlenote, or you can play multiple grace notes, typically in a run up to or down to the main note.

For eg. when you lay a turn that starts before the beat, the notes of the turn are grace notes.

Just make sure that the grace notes are played before the expected beat, and that they don’t delay the main melody note.

3. Turns

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

A turn is like a trill that goes both up and down.

Typically, its a 5 note deal

You start on theoriginal n ote, go up one scale step, back down to theoriginal note, donw one scale step, and then end up on the original note again.

if melody is A:

A B A G A

The turn can eitehr stat on the same beat as the original note or precede that note as a type of grace note phrase.

2. Trills

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

A trill is kind of ike a lot of little pitch bends played all in a row.

Instead of playing a long note straight, you rapidly alternate beetween theoriginal note and the next scale note up — either a half step or a whole step, depending on what sounds best.

  • A trill can be as short as 3 notes (original, up one, original)
  • or last as long as the duration of the original note

You can play trills as straight 16th or 32nd notes or play them ‘out of time’ as fast as is appropriate.

Just make sure that when you are done trilling, you end up on the original note of the melody.

1. Embellishing melody — Bends

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

One primary ways to embellish a melody –> to slightly alter the long notes in the melody.

Reason: long notes provide more space fo ryou to lay around with

— to fill in this space is a way to show your musical creatiivity

To make a long note less boring –> bend the pitch.

Pitch bends come quite naturally on certain instruments, esp guitars where you bend the pitch by bending the string away from the fret with your LH.